完全竞争市场、厂商短期供给、市场短期均衡、长期均衡与效率

operator overloading、member/global operator、friend、++/--、relational operators、operator[]、functor、lambda、type conversion、explicit

streams、cin、cout、extractor、inserter、manipulator、stream flags、hidden friend、operator<<、operator>>

生产者、生产函数、短期与长期生产、成本分析、收益与利润最大化

copy behavior、copy constructor、member-wise copy、deep copy、copy assignment、Rule of Zero、Rule of Three、copy elision、vector copy overhead

从通用基座到垂直领域大模型

Physical Storage Media, Storage Hierarchy, Magnetic Disks, Disk Interfaces, Performance Measures, Flash Storage, SSD, RAID, Disk-Block Access, NVM

File Organization, Record Layout, Slotted Page, File Organization Strategies, Data Dictionary, Buffer Manager, LRU, Clock Algorithm, Column-Oriented Storage, Main-Memory Databases